Endothelin blocks ATP-sensitive K+ channels and depolarizes smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery.

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Abstract
ATP-sensitive K+ channels with a conductance of 30 pS in smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery were found to be highly active in the intact cell-attached patch configuration when the pipette contained a physiological concentration of Ca2+ (greater than 10(-4) M). In the inside-out configuration, these channels were activated by extracellular Ca2+ and blocked by cytosolic ATP and glibenclamide. Endothelin applied to the pipette specifically blocked these channels in a concentration-dependent manner in the cell-attached configuration (half-maximal inhibition, 1.3 x 10(-9) M). A K+ channel opener, nicorandil, activated these channels even in the presence of 10(-8) M endothelin. In the whole-cell current-clamp method, the cell membrane was depolarized by endothelin and then repolarized by nicorandil. The membrane depolarization is closely related to contraction of smooth muscle cells. These results suggest that the ATP-sensitive K+ channels are important in controlling the vascular tone of the coronary artery and that endothelin can increase vascular tone by blocking these channels.