The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the speciation of copper at a chemically modified electrode

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Abstract
The determination of copper in the presence of humic acid and oxalic acid using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at the graphite electrode modified with a copper complexing agents 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐octanoylpyrazol‐5‐on, and a Nafion film is described. The validity of voltammetric criteria for the metal speciation based on the diffusion‐layer thickness and complexing conditions, has been examined. In the copper‐humic acid system, the signal is controlled by diffusion, whereas in the system with oxalic acid, both the dissociation kinetics and diffusion have to be considered.