Nonlinear analysis of concrete structures

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Abstract
A computer program is developed to determine the response of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures subjected to monotonic or cycling loading. The nonlinear stress–strain relationship of concrete and steel is accounted for by applying the load in increments and performing a series of iterations. The structure is treated as an assemblage of thin plate elements subjected to in-plane forces and bending. In the calculation of the structure stiffness, each element is assumed to be composed of a number of layers and the stiffness is allowed to vary over the area of the element and from one layer to the other according to the associated stress.The program employs an efficient finite element that makes it possible to use a relatively small number of elements. The reinforcements are idealized either by smearing a mesh or bars into a steel layer or, with heavy concentrated reinforcement or a prestress tendon, each reinforcing element is accounted for separately.The efficiency of the proposed model is tested by applying the computer program to three structures employing a very small number of elements in their idealization. The finite element idealizations are shown and the results of the analyses are compared with published experimental work.

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