Mechanism of Histamine Release by Toluidine Blue from Rat Mast Cells

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Abstract
Toluidine blue (TB) releases histamine from isolated rat mast cells suspended in buffered physiological solution (pH 7.0, 37 °C), with or without accompanying degranulation depending upon the concentration of drug used. Numerous vesicular protrusions, which are probably distinct from degranulation and do not occur with compound 48/80, appear over the whole cell surface at the concentrations in which histamine release is maximal; an indication of intracellular release of histamine. Histamine release by TB is completed in 5 sec and morphological changes of mast cells are accomplished within 15 sec at latest. These processes probably occur before the dye enters the cell, as judged by serial color microphotographs. The reactions may be triggered by the binding of the dye to the receptive sites on the cell membrane. Histamine release by TB depends upon the cellular energy-generating ability, as with other basic histamine liberators.

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