Another consideration of the ocular manifestations in epidemic encephalitis is now in order as new cases of this disease have been appearing lately ; indubitable material has not been seen for about two years. Intermissions of epidemic stress have occurred twice since the original appearance of this condition in 1917. The late free period was, therefore, comprehensible and did not give any real sense of security to those observers who had been aware of the fluctuations in incidence of this disease both here and elsewhere. It has been customary to speak of encephalitis as though it were a totally new disease. In a sense this is justified by its absence for two generations ; but in 1718, "Schlafkrankheit" was described by Camerarius, who noted the difficulty in raising the eyelids, and by Gayet, in 1875, who wrote of "ophthalmoplegia of acute onset and accompanied by apathy and somnolence" ; in these cases