Use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco by people with schizophrenia: case–control study

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Abstract
Background: Specialised services should be developed to help people with schizophrenia and associated substance misuse. The extent of the problem therefore needs to be known.Aims: To determine the use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco by people with schizophrenia drawn from rural, suburban and urban settings, and to compare use by general population control subjects.Method: People with schizophrenia (n=316) and general population controls of similar gender distribution, age and postcode area of residence (n=250) were identified in rural, urban and suburban areas of Scotland. Use of drugs and alcohol was assessed by the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, and use of tobacco by a questionnaire.Results: More patients than controls reported problem use of drugs in the past year (22 (7%)v.5 (2%)) and at some time before then (50 (20%)v.15 (6%)) and problem use of alcohol in the past year (42 (17%)v.25 (10%)) but not at sometime previously (99 (40%)v.84 (34%)). More patients were current smokers (162 (65%)v.99(40%)).Conclusions: Problem use of drugs and alcohol by people with schizophrenia is greater than in the general population, but absolute numbers are small. Tobacco use is the greatest problem.

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