The Phytophagous Insect Faunas of the Ragweeds, Ambrosia chenopodiifolia, A. eriocentra , and A. ilicifolia , in Southern California 1

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Abstract
Phytophagous insects representing 6 orders, 17 families, and 31 species are reported as comprising the insect fauna of Ambrosia chenopodiifolia (Bentham) Payne (Compositae) in southern California. Similarly, insects representing 6 orders, 21 families, and 33 species are reported as associates of A. eriocentra (Gray) Payne; insects representing 5 orders, 14 families, and 19 species as associates of A. ilicifolia (Gray) Payne. Most insects found attacking these 3 ragweeds were euryphagous, ectophagous, sap- and foliage-feeding species. Sixty-four percent, 55%, and 63% of the insect associates of A. chenopodiifolia, A. eriocentra , and A. ilicifolia , respectively, apparently reproduced on these ragweeds. Also, 24%, 39%, and 23% of the 21, 28, and 17 identified associates of these 3 ragweeds, respectively, were stenophagous, their hosts apparently confined to the tribe Heliantheae. Fourteen percent, 18%, and 24% of these identified associates, respectively, were minor or major pests of cultivars.

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