Some properties of clay-water dispersions

Abstract
The bulk properties of clay-water dispersions, particularly with montmorillonites, depend on the very large surface area of the materials and their plate-like form. Owing to isomorphous substitution in the clay lattice the plates are charged and hence interact electrostatically with each other. The form of the interaction was tested using macroscopic clay surfaces in the form of cleaved mica and the results compared with those obtained by compression of concentrated aqueous dispersions of various montmorillonites in a homoionic form. The results obtained with mica and lithium montmorillonite were comparable suggesting the latter disperses as single plates. When sodium, potassium and caesium were used as the counter-ions for montmorillonite, differences were observed which were attributed to face-face association. The consequences of isomorphous substitution in either the tetrahedral or the octahedral layer were also examined.

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