Urinary Excretion of Citrate in Humans Following Administration of Acetazolamide (Diamox)

1 April 1958

journal article
research article
Published by American Medical Association (AMA) in Archives of Ophthalmology (1950)

Vol. 59 (4) , 536-540
https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1958.00940050092011

Abstract

Citrate is excreted in comparatively large amounts in human urine, and its excretion varies with age, diet, sex, and other factors from 100 to 1500 mg. per day.^1-4It is lower in infants and children as compared with adults.^1-3,5-7Citrate excretion is decreased by acidosis^7-12(dietary, uremic, and diabetic) and by testosterone administration.¹³It is increased in alkalosis^7-12and by the administration of estrogens,^14,15parathyroid extract,^2,16,17and vitamin D.^18-22 Previous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that urinary citrate aids in the chelation of calcium into a soluble complex. Low citrate levels in the presence of normal calcium-phosphorous ratios may play a role in the formation of renal calculi.2,23,24 In addition, citrate therapy has been reported to have induced an apparent improvement in a case of nephrocalcinosis.²⁵ In rats, acetazolamide administration has been observed to result in the deposition of calcium

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