Light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection of native proteins in capillary electrophoresis

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Abstract
A continuous‐wave 280 nm light‐emitting diode (LED) was used as the excitation source for native fluorescence detection of proteins in CE. The operating current and temperature of the LED were optimized in order to achieve high luminescence power. It was found that a forward current of 30 mA and a temperature of approximately 5°C gave the best S/N. By using a set of two ball lenses to focus light from the LED, we achieved a spot of approximately 200 μm with a power of 0.1–0.2 mW on the detection window. Fluorescence was collected with a ball lens at 90° angle through a bandpass filter onto a photomultiplier tube. In CZE an LOD of 20 nM for conalbumin was reached. In capillary gel electrophoresis all eight proteins from a commercial standard kit were detected with high S/N. For a 10 μg/mL total protein mixture, S/N was better than 3 for all proteins in solution. Further improvement in LOD should be possible on utilization of an LED with higher luminescence power.