Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Cationic Poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) Copolymer Hydrogels Modified with Agmatine for Enhanced Cell Adhesion

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Abstract
We synthesized positively charged biodegradable hydrogels by cross-linking of agmatine-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered fumarate (Agm−PEGF) and poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) (P(PF-co-EG)) to investigate the effect of the guanidino groups of the agmatine on hydrogel swelling behavior and smooth muscle cell adhesion to the hydrogels. The weight swelling ratio of these hydrogels at pH 7.0 increased from 279 ± 4 to 306 ± 7% as the initial Agm−PEGF content increased from 0 to 200 mg/g of P(PF-co-EG), respectively. The diffusional exponents, n, during the initial phase of water uptake were independent of the initial Agm−PEGF content and were determined to be 0.66 ± 0.08, 0.71 ± 0.07, and 0.60 ± 0.05 for respective initial Agm−PEGF contents of 0, 100, and 200 mg/g. The heat of fusion of water present in the hydrogels increased from 214 ± 11 to 254 ± 4 J/g as the initial Agm−PEGF content increased from 0 to 200 mg/g. The number of adherent smooth muscle cells increased dose-dependently from 15 ± 6 to 75 ± 7% of the initial seeding density as the initial Agm−PEGF content increased from 0 to 200 mg/g. These results suggest that the incorporation of the guanidino groups of agmatine into P(PF-co-EG) hydrogels increases the hydrogel free water content and the total water content of the hydrogels and also enhances cell adhesion to the hydrogels.