Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Grapes

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Abstract
Several diseases of grapes are caused by agents that invade and become systemic in plant tissues. These are infectious agents that have a common viruslike characteristic and are transmitted by grafting and therefore spread by nursery stocks. For most, natural spread in the field is very slow, lower than the rate of normal vineyard replacement. In other words, a healthy vineyard planted in clean soil would remain free of many of these diseases during the normal productive lifespan of the planting. However, if the grower introduces the disease with his planting stock, the vineyard is diseased and remains affected until it is pulled and replanted. Some of the pathogens that cause these obscure diseases are viruses; others are mycoplasmalike organisms and rickettsialike bacteria; still others have defied characterization.

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