Outbreak of Postoperative Shoulder Arthritis Due to Propionibacterium acnes Infection in Nondebilitated Patients

Abstract
We investigated an outbreak of postoperative shoulder arthritis due to Propionibacterium acnes infection in nondebilitated patients. Risk factors were male sex, the order in which surgery was performed during the daily operating schedule, and increased duration of the surgical procedure. After modification of the ventilation system and implementation of improved cleaning methods in the operating theater, no new cases were recorded