COMPARATIVE UPTAKE OF NAPHTHALENES FROM WATER AND OILED SEDIMENT BY BENTHIC AMPHIPODS1

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Abstract
The benthic amphipod, Anonyx laticoxae, was exposed to whole oil on sediments or water extracts of Prudhoe Bay crude oil under both static and flowing conditions. Time periods of exposure ranged from 4 to 27 days and, while a range of compounds was present, the only class measured in water, tissues, and sediments was naphthalenes. Compared to levels in the surrounding environment (sediment or water) tissue magnification was least during sediment exposures (2–4 times), greatest in a flowing exposure system (∼1000 times), and intermediate during static water exposure (10–50 times). During a constant exposure to 22 ppb total naphthalenes (0.506 ppm total hydrocarbons) the amphipods reached a threshold of accumulation after about seven days, and the majority of contamination was from alkylnaphthalenes. Sediment exposures demonstrated relatively low bioavailability of naphthalenes and the route of entry appeared to be via interstitial and water column contamination. It appears that release of naphthalenes from both oiled sediments and tissues is largely controlled by water solubilities of the components, but metabolic processes may supplement this activity.

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