The Chatter of Lathe Tools Under Orthogonal Cutting Conditions

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Abstract
A mathematical theory of the chatter of lathe tools is presented. Two types of chatter are distinguished depending on whether the chatter amplitudes fall in the direction of the tool shank or in the direction of the workpiece velocity. The physical causes of chatter taken into consideration are the chip-thickness-variation effect, the penetration effect, and the slope of the cutting-force against cutting-speed curve. The results of the mathematical theory are presented in the form of stability charts. With these, chatter arising during the first revolution of the workpiece and that occurring during subsequent revolutions are discussed. It is shown that the stability of the system is affected by the workpiece velocity, the workpiece material, the geometrical shape of the tool and the tool shank, and so on, and that under certain conditions, the chip-thickness variation may have a stabilizing influence. The paper deals only with the effect of the various parameters on the stability conditions and is not concerned with the problem which types of chatter do actually occur in practice.

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