A Note on Probability Forecasts and “Hedging”

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Abstract
The consideration of a maxim and a statement, both of which are concerned with “hedging” on the part of meteorologists who prepare probability forecasts, leads to the identification of a property which all proper scoring systems for such forecasts should possess. A scoring system, to be proper, should encourage the meteorologist to make his probabilities correspond to his true beliefs. The conditions which a proper scoring system must satisfy are formulated in mathematical terms. Several existing scoring systems are examined to ascertain whether or not the systems are proper. Abstract The consideration of a maxim and a statement, both of which are concerned with “hedging” on the part of meteorologists who prepare probability forecasts, leads to the identification of a property which all proper scoring systems for such forecasts should possess. A scoring system, to be proper, should encourage the meteorologist to make his probabilities correspond to his true beliefs. The conditions which a proper scoring system must satisfy are formulated in mathematical terms. Several existing scoring systems are examined to ascertain whether or not the systems are proper.

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