Galactosyltransferases Involved in Galactolipid Biosynthesis Are Located in the Outer Membrane of Pea Chloroplast Envelopes

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Abstract
The galactosylation steps in the biosynthesis of galactolipids involve two different enzymes; a UDP-Gal:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase and a galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase. Previous localization studies have shown that in spinach these enzymes are located in the chloroplast envelope. Our results with peas (Pisum sativum var Laxton's Progress No. 9) confirm these results and extend the localization by providing evidence that the galactosyltransferases are in the outer membrane of the envelope. The specific activity of UDP-Gal:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase in outer membrane preparations was 6 to 10 times greater than that exhibited by inner membrane preparations. In addition, using quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was possible to show that the UDP-Gal:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity associated with inner membrane preparations could be accounted for by outer membrane contamination. It is concluded from these results that this enzyme is located predominantly, if not exclusively, in the outer membrane of the envelope. An analysis of the galactolipid products synthesized by the highly purified outer membrane showed that the galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase is also present, suggesting that this enzyme is also an outer membrane enzyme. The implication of these results is that the final assembly of galactolipids is carried out on the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope.