Shallow-water tracking in the Sea of Nazare

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Abstract
In the summer of 1996, an experiment was conducted off the coast of Portugal to study the effects of internal tides on sound propagation. This experiment-called INTIMATE '96 (Internal Tide Investigation by Means of Acoustic Tomography Experiment)-has provided a great deal of insight about the variability of pulse transmission over space and time. In contrast to a common view of shallow water propagation as complicated and unpredictable, the authors find a steady pattern of echoes. The echo-pattern stretches and shrinks in a systematic way with the tides and allows the authors to infer the components of the first few oceanographic modes. They also used the echo-pattern to track the source over a period of several days. During this period the isotherms in the ocean wavered by 20 m as a result of the tides, providing a challenge for model based tracking. They discuss these acoustic results with emphasis on the source tracking Author(s) Porter, M.B. Marine Phys. Lab., La Jolla, CA, USA Stephan, Y. ; Demoulin, X. ; Jesus, S. ; Coelho, E.

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