Structural and mechanistic aspects of transcriptional induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 by benzimidazole derivatives in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells

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Abstract
The effect of several structurally different benzimidazole compounds on CYP1A1 expression at the transcriptional, mRNA and protein levels was investigated in the rat hepatoma H4IIE cell line. Omeprazole, thiabendazole, carbendazim, 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole and 2‐mercapto‐5‐methoxybenzimidazole caused a dose‐dependent increase in CYP1A1 protein levels that reached maximum effect at 250 µm, as measured by Western blot. In addition, hydroxyomeprazole, 2‐aminobenzimidazole and 2‐mercapto‐5‐nitro‐benzimidazole caused a notable increase in CYP1A1 protein expression, whereas 5‐O‐desmethylomeprazole, 2‐hydroxybenzimidazole, 2‐benzimidazole propionic acid and 5‐benzimidazole carboxylic acid were ineffective. Thus, benzimidazole substituted with a thiol or an amino group in the 2‐position were active inducers. Northern blot analysis confirmed an extensive increase of CYP1A1 mRNA induced by omeprazole and 2‐mercapto‐5‐methoxybenzimidazole which was 32% and 49% of maximal induction by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) respectively, whereas thiabendazole and carbendazim showed ≈15% increase as compared to TCDD. Transient transfection of H4IIE cells, with a XRE‐pGL3 reporter gene construct revealed a 2.3–4.3‐fold induction by carbendazim, thiabendazole, and 2‐mercapto‐5‐methoxybenzimidazole as compared to a 3.3‐ and 23‐fold induction by omeprazole and TCDD, respectively. Thus, these data indicate that the benzimidazoles utilize the aryl hydrocarbon receptor–arnt–XRE‐mediated signal‐transduction pathway for induction of the CYP1A1 gene.