Recognition of bones from X-rays of the hand†

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Abstract
Algorithms for the computer recognition of bones in an X-ray of the hand and wrist are described by analyzing age-related changes that take place with growth in the bones. Since a straightforward structural description is inadequate because of these changes, the paper considers a shape description technique based on linear measurements (axial length, width and location) from a polygonal approximation of the bones. The recognition algorithm also needs strong a priori knowledge of the structure of the hand. System effectiveness is demonstrated on some sections of 2 typical X-rays of 10-12-yr-old boys when histogram equalization, thresholding and edge detection, and octal code generation techniques are included in the preprocessing algorithm.

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