The Use of Ultrasonic Techniques for Non-Invasive Instrumentation on Chemical and Process Plant

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Abstract
Ultrasonic techniques can be used non-invasively on chemical and process plant because it is often possible to penetrate the walls of the plant with ultrasound. Ultrasonic transmitters and receivers typically make use of the piezo electric effect. Application at high temperatures and in hazardous environments is possible. Ultrasonic techniques are very briefly described for detecting the presence or absence of liquid, or precipitate; determining density or concentration of solutions or dispersions; detecting liquid surfaces and liquid/liquid interfaces; measuring flowrates; providing warning of high or low level or overflow.