PCR-Based detection of minority point mutations

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Abstract
The need for detection of minority mutations (i.e., a few mutants within a high excess of wild‐type alleles) arises frequently in the field of cancer and molecular genetics. Current mutation detection technologies are limited by several technical factors when it comes to the detection of minority point mutations, including generation of misincorporations by the DNA polymerase during PCR amplification. Primer ligation‐mediated PCR methodologies for detection of mutations in an excess wild‐type sequences are described, that can be applied for detection of both known and unknown minority point mutations. Furthermore, a new methodology is described, hairpin‐PCR, which has the potential to completely eliminate PCR errors from amplified sequences, prior to minority mutation detection. Combination of these technologies can effectively tackle the problem of minority mutation detection, in order to pursue demanding applications such as identification of cancer cells at an early stage, detection of mutations in single cells, identification of minimal residual disease, or investigation of mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis. Hum Mutat 23:406–412, 2004.