The fluid mechanics of flame tips

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Abstract
We examine the structure of nominally wedge-shaped or conical premixed flames, of the type that stand at the mouth of a slot or Bunsen burner. A hydrodynamic analysis, justified for slender flames, accounts for the broad features of the flow field, but within a thin zone whose location defines the shape of the flame, heat-conduction, species diffusion and chemical reaction must be accounted for. A simple mathematical description is possible there in the asymptotic limit of infinite activation energy. Near the very extremity of the tip, where the reaction zone is close to the flame axis, this elementary description is no longer valid, and the combustion field is characterized by a free-boundary problem of Stefan type with nonlinear field equations. The numerical treatment of this problem is based on weak solution techniques.

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