Rate and topography of cell wall synthesis during the division cycle of Salmonella typhimurium

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Abstract
The rates of synthesis of peptidoglycan and protein during the division cycle of Salmonella typhimurium have been measured by using the membrane elution technique and differentially labeled diaminopimelic acid and leucine. The cells were labeled during unperturbed exponential growth and then bound to a nitrocellulose membrane by filtration. Newborn cells were eluted from the membrane with fresh medium. The radioactivity in the newborn cells in successive fractions was determined. As the cells are eluted from the membrane as a function of their cell cycle age at the time of labeling, the rate of incorporation of the different radioactive compounds as a function of cell cycle age can be determined. During the first part of the division cycle, the ratio of the rates of protein and peptidoglycan synthesis was constant. During the latter part of the division cycle, there was an increase in the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis relative to the rate of protein synthesis. These results support a simple, bipartite model of cell surface increase in rod-shaped cells. Before the start of constriction, the cell surface increased only by cylindrical extension. After cell constriction started, the cell surface increased by both cylinder and pole growth. The increase in surface area was partitioned between the cylinder and the pole so that the volume of the cell increased exponentially. No variation in cell density occurred because the increase in surface allowed a continuous exponential increase in cell volume that accommodated the exponential increase in cell mass. Protein was synthesized exponentially during the division cycle. The rate of cell surface increase was described by a complex equation which is neither linear nor exponential.