CANCER OF THE BLADDER IN ROCHESTER, MINNESOTA, 1935–19711

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Abstract
Because the causes of bladder cancer are largely unknown, a descriptive epidemiologic study using an unusual data resource has been developed. The extensive record system at the Mayo Clinic for the population of Rochester, Minnesota, provided the basis for a study of the incidence, secular trend, clinical and pathologic features, and survivorship of bladder cancer for the period 1935 to 1971. The mean annual incidence rate of bladder cancer was 11.6 (18.3 for men and 6.4 for women) per 100, 000 population. The rates increased with age, 75% of the patients being 60 years or older. In contrast to the Connecticut Tumor Registry data in which a consistently increasing trend over time was observed, no significant increase over time was noted in the present study. The mean annual mortality was 3.8 per 100,000; rates did not increase over time. The 3-year survival was 58%, and the 5-year survival was 46%. Occupational exposure to possible environmental factors was noted in 38% of the men but only 2% of the women. The frequencies of the various histologic types were 93% for transitional cell carcinoma, 5% for squamous cell carcinoma, and 2% for adenocarcinoma. Among the 51 cases in which bladder cancer was clinically confirmed as the cause of death, bladder cancer was listed as the underlying cause in 84%, and as a contributing cause in 16%. Examination of the death certificates revealed that bladder cancer as the underlying cause of death was over-diagnosed in 12%. There was no unusual association of carcinoma of the bladder with hyperophy or other primary cancers.

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