Quantum Monte Carlo study of the thermodynamic properties of argon clusters: The homogeneous nucleation of argon in argon vapor and ‘‘magic number’’ distributions in argon vapor

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Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of clusters of argon atoms are studied by a combination of classical and quantum mechanical Monte Carlo methods. The argon atoms are represented by Lennard‐Jones interactions and internal energies, free energies, and entropies are calculated as a function of temperature and cluster size. For the argon system quantum effects and anharmonicity corrections are found to be simultaneously important for a temperature range from 15 to 20 K. By examining local minima in the free energy of formation of argon clusters as a function of cluster size, magic numbers in the Boltzmann mass distribution are observed at n=7, 13, and 19 under some conditions of temperature and pressure. In some cases magic numbers are predicted in the quantum and not in the classical calculation. The entropy changes associated with cluster growth are found to be insensitive to cluster size. Quantum corrections are calculated to nucleation rates and found to be very important at low temperatures.