Magnetic-Field-Induced Nematic-Columnar Phase Transition in Aqueous Suspensions of Goethite (α−FeOOH) Nanorods

Colloidal aqueous suspensions of goethite lath-shaped nanorods form nematic and isotropic phases. We show that they also display a 2D rectangular ($c2mm$) columnar phase at volume fractions $\varphi$ larger than 15%. Interestingly, the nematic-columnar first-order transition can also be triggered by applying to the nematic phase a magnetic field of intensity decreasing with $\varphi$ (1 T at 8.5%; 0.5 T at 12%). Single domains of the columnar phase were thus produced and their structure investigated by synchrotron x-ray scattering. This magnetic-field-induced transition is fully reversible and reproducible.