Are there solar signals in the African monsoon and rainfall?

Abstract
A review of areas of Africa where a signal in meteorological, hydrological or sedimentological parameters can be suspected to be of solar origin shows a variety of deposition. Nowhere is a persistent signal clearly defined, but many areas are involved: Nile basin, Ethiopian high plateau, Sahel, North and South Africa, Central and East Africa. Each area shows a repartition of rainfall distributed by successive sequences of drought and inundation, each lasting several years. Nearly all areas show a strong quasi-biennial fluctuation; in the Sahel, for instance, the mean annual river run-off in Senegal is about 2.3 years. The 11.4-year signal is also seen in many records of extreme (positive or negative) river run-off.

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