Can Photon IMRT be improved by combination with mixed electron and photon techniques?

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Abstract
Conformal radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) commonly leads to a large integral dose in the patient. Electrons would reduce the integral dose but are not suitable for treating deep-seated tumours, owing to their limited penetration. By combining electron and photon beams, the dose distributions may be improved. In this study, the possibility is explored of using a mixture of electron and photon beams for a deep-seated target volume in the head and neck region. Treatment plans were made for five simulated head and neck cancer cases. Mixed electron and photon beam plans (MB) were constructed using a manual iterative procedure. Photon IMRT plans were optimized automatically. Both electron and photon beams were collimated by a computer controlled multi-leaf collimator (MLC). Both methods were able to produce clinically acceptable plans. Criteria for the target dose were met similarly by both as were the criteria for critical organs. The integral dose outside the planning target volume (PTV) showed a tendency to be lower with MB plans compared with photon IMRT plans. A mixed electron and photon technique has the potential to treat deep-seated tumours. It is reasonable to expect that if computerized optimization tools were coupled with the mixed electron and photon beam technique, treatment goals would be more readily achieved than if using solely pure photon IMRT.