THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE COPULATORY STRUCTURES IN SOME CASES OF GYNANDRO-MORPHISM IN LEPIDOPTERA

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Abstract
Bilateral arrangement of "tertiary" d71 or 9 characters (i.e., wings, sense organs, etc.) on each side of the median plane may be associated (1) with fairly normal half pairs of genitalia corresponding in sex with that side, unpaired organs being nearly normal; (2) with complete or nearly complete unisexuality in genitalia; (3) with intermingling, on either side, of organs of both sexes, 1 sex often predominating; or (4) with dorsoventral division between [male] and [female] genitalia by a frontal plane. The genitalia are described of 5 bilateral gynandromorphs of Argyn-nis paphia, Gonopteryx rhamni, Bupalus piniarius, Malacosoma neustria, and Lycaena argus. M. neustria is wholly [male] L. argus [female], in genitalia, though bilateral as to tertiary characters (class 2). A. paphia, predominantly [male], has mixed genitalia on the left (class 3). G. rhamni and B. piniarius are dorsally [male], ventrally [female] (class 4), though in the former the ducts and internal organs of each sex lie side by side. Theories advanced to explain irregularities in arrangement of sexual characters are discussed. Local sex control in all somatic cells of the embryo probably coexists with physiologic unity of the reproductive system. The whole manifests itself diversely in its various parts due to "organic regulation" (Driesch).

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