A new model of concussive brain injury in the cat produced by extradural fluid volume loading: I. Biomechanical properties

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Abstract
This study presents a new device for producing experimental, concussive head injury together with a detailed description of biomechanical features of fluid percussion brain injury in the cat. Anaesthetized cats were subjected to multiple (N = 3) or single injuries (N = 87). The variables studied in repeated injury experiments included the volume of fluid injected intracranially, rate of fluid flow, and the associated pressure transients recorded extracranially in the injury device and intracranially at supratentorial and infratentorial sites. Peak fluid flow increased with increasing volumes of fluid loaded intracranially. Extracranial pressure peaks and durations increased when volume loading was increased. Extracranial and intracranial pressure transients were similar at all recording sites. The form of pressure transients recorded in single injury experiments was similar to that recorded in multiple injury experiments. In single injury experiments, the extracranial pressure peaks and durations also increased with increased intracranial fluid volume loading. The slopes describing the relationships between intracranial volume loading and extracranial pressure transients were significantly different in single and multiple injury experiments. Details of the design and use of the head injury device are also discussed.