Reaction of Poliovirus and Formaldehyde in Magnesium Chloride Solution to Enhance Potency of Killed-Virus Vaccine

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Abstract
Summary: Inactivation of type 1 and type 3 polioviruses with formalin in the presence of 1 M MgCl2 at 37°, 45° and 50°C was studied. There was marked slowing in the rate of inactivation by formalin at the higher temperatures in the presence of MgCl2, and the reaction tended to proceed as a first order reaction. This suggests that the Mg ions, which stabilize the virus to thermal inactivation, allow the virus to be inactivated by the formalin alone. Preparations whose infectivity was destroyed by formalin in the presence of 1 M MgCl2 gave much higher antigenic potency than controls inactivated in the absence of Mg ions.

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