VARIATIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HEPATIC, CYSTIC, AND RETRODUODENAL ARTERIES

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Abstract
IN VIEW of the great advances that have been made in recent years in abdominal surgery, especially as regards the supramesocolic organs, as instanced in cholecystectomy, cholangiojejunostomy with partial hepatectomy, total and subtotal gastrectomy, esophagoduodenostomy, pancreaticoduodenal resections, and ligation of the hepatic artery in cirrhosis, a more extensive and complete knowledge of the variational anatomy of the arteries supplying the upper abdominal organs than that obtainable in standard textbooks of anatomy is urgently needed. Arterial like other anatomic variations cannot be ignored, for the risks of ligating the wrong vessel or of severing an essential organ-sustaining artery, along with the dangers of ischemia and gangrene, of leaking and bleeding from sites of repair and at anastomotic suture lines, are too great, being ubiquitous possibilities. Arterial variations are verifiable facts of human constitution that have been observed time and time again. They can be statistically estimated by dissection of a large

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