DIFFERENT (DIRECT and INDIRECT) MECHANISMS FOR THE INDUCTION OF DNA‐PROTEIN CROSSLINKS IN HUMAN CELLS BY FAR‐ and NEAR‐ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONS (290 and 405 nm)

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Abstract
Abstract— Apparent DNA‐protein crosslinking induced by monochromatic 290 and 405 nm Tadiations was measured in cultured human P3 teratocarcinoma cells with DNA alkaline elution techniques. The rates of the induction of crosslinks by 290 nm radiation were the same when the cells were irradiated either aerobically or anaerobically or when the cells were in an H2O or D2O aqueous environment. With 405 nm radiation, anaerobic irradiation reduced the induction of the crosslinks (dose modifying factor is about 0.2), and about twice as many crosslinks were observed when the cells were irradiated in an environment of D2O rather than H2O. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that far‐UV radiation induces DNA‐protein crosslinks by a direct mechanism, whereas near‐UV radiation induces crosslinks via indirect photodynamic photosensitizations in which unidentified cellular endogenous photosensitizers and reactive species of oxygen are used.