Thermal design of a heat exchanger for heating or cooling blood

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Abstract
Experimental data, and their correlation with predictions from theory, are presented for the thermal design of a countercurrent heat exchanger for heating or cooling blood. The thermal design considers the influence on the Nusselt number of blood and the heat exchanger effectiveness of variables such as the blood flow rate, tube diameter and length, and the thermal properties of blood. The data presented are compared with data from the literature and with predictions from theory. Insofar as the design of a blood heat exchanger is concerned, flowing blood can be considered a single-phase fluid. Some applications of the thermal design analysis, the production and control of blood hyperthermia or hypothermia are discussed.