Ice Stream C, Antarctica, sticky spots detected by microearthquake monitoring

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Abstract
Microearthquakes at the base of slow-moving Ice Stream C occur many times more frequently than at the base of fast-moving Ice Stream B. We suggest that the microearthquake source sites are so-called “sticky spots”, defined as limited zones of stronger Subglacial material interspersed within a weaker matrix. The fault-plane area of the microearthquakes (O (102m2)) is therefore a measure of the size of the sticky spots. The spatial density of the microearthquakes (O (10 km-2)) is a measure of the distribution of sticky spots. The average stress drop associated with these microearthquakes is consistent with an ice-stream bed model of weak subglacial till interspersed with stronger zones that support much or all of the basal shear stress. We infer a weak inter-sticky-spot material by the large distances (O (103 m)), relative to fault radius, to which the microearthquake stress change is transmitted.