Almost invariably, the concurrence of hematemesis and melena localizes the source of bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Bockus4lists some 50 different or related causes for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Included in his list is rupture of an aortic aneurysm. This has been of sufficiently rare occurrence to justify reporting such cases in the literature. In 1943, Rottino12made a very thorough search of the literature and found 31 cases, adding 1 case. In 1946, Hunt and Weller8were able to locate nine more cases. In 1950, Coggeshall and Genovese5discovered 8 more reported cases and added 1 of their own, bringing the total number of cases reported in the world literature to 50. Since that time, eight cases were reported by Hirst and Affeldt7and other cases have been added by Barrett3; Balakian, Ryan, and Perkel2; Antzis, Dunn, and Schilero,1