Excitation of Oscillations in the Shape of Pulsating Gas Bubbles; Experimental Work

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Abstract
When a gas bubble in a liquid responds to sound, the bubble surface can be excited into oscillatory departures from spherical shape. In the past it has been assumed that these shape oscillations occur only when the sound pressure varies over the surface of the bubble. It has now been observed that shave oscillations are excited even when the sound pressure is uniform, provided its amplitude exceeds a critical value. The excitation is associated with the inherent instability of a spherical surface when undergoing periodic radial pulsations in response to the sound. The critical sound pressure causing this instability has been measured for individual air bubbles trapped at the center of a water‐filled sphere resonating acoustically in a radially‐symmetric mode at 25 kc/sec. As the bubble radius increases from 2 to 7 × 10−3 cm, the measured critical peak sound pressure causing instability decreases from about 0.6 to 0.17 atmos.

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