The Effect of Low Temperature on Ascent of Sap in Trees

Abstract
Handley''s experiments according to which the leaves of a tree wilt when the stem is chilled to between 0 and +2[degree]C have been repeated with precise and sensitive control and measurement of wood temperatures. No wilting was observed even if the tree stems were maintained between 0 and -1[degree]C for many days. A stem temperature of between -1 and -2[degree]C however did interfere with the sap ascent and it was demonstrated that ice formation takes place at this temperature. The temperature profile along the stem was a sensitive indicator of the relative rate of water movement.

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