Myo‐inositol, glucose and zinc status as risk factors for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in offspring: a case–control study

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Abstract
Objective To investigate myo‐inositol, glucose and zinc status in mothers and their infants on cleft lip with or without cleft palate risk (CLP). Design Case–control study. Setting University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Population Eighty‐four mothers and their CLP child and 102 mothers and their healthy child. Methods Venous blood samples were obtained to determine serum myo‐inositol and glucose and red blood cell zinc concentrations in mothers and children. Geometric means were calculated and compared between the groups. The blood parameters were dichotomised with cutoff points based on control values, P90 for glucose concentrations. Main outcome measures Geometric means (P5–P95) and odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). Results The CLP children (P= 0.003) and their mothers (P= 0.02) had significantly lower red blood cell zinc concentrations than controls. A low maternal serum myo‐inositol concentration (myo‐inositol (myo‐inositol as well as zinc concentrations were slightly, albeit significantly correlated, rPearson= 0.33 (P= 0.0006) and rPearson= 0.23 (P= 0.01), respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time that zinc and myo‐inositol are important in the aetiology of CLP.

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