bodycote International Prize Paper Competition: Shortlisted Characterisation of Alkyl Phosphonic Acid Monolayers Self Assembled on Hydrated Surface of Aluminium

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Abstract
Self assembly of alkyl phosphonic acids (APAs) on magnetron sputtered aluminium (MS-Al) has been investigated with particular attention on the role of the aluminium surface chemistry produced by conditioning through ambient atmospheric and ethanoic methyl phosphonic acid solution immersion. For the longest molecule investigated, decyl phosphonic acid, contact angle measurement revealed rapid formation of relatively disordered self assembled monolayers (SAMs) from a 5 mM ethanoic solution. Evidence of a reaction of the phosphonic acid head group in a condensation reaction with the hydrox yls at the alumina surface to form a phosphonate was obtained using polarisation modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The concentration of hydrox yl groups in the ox ide at the surface of the M S-Al, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), increased on immersion in ethanol owing to the presence of dissolved impurity water. Adsorption of hydrocarbon impurities is also evident. Preadsorption of methyl phosphonic acid inhibited ox ide growth and stabilised the wettability of the MS-Al stored in ethanol, although it did not increase the order of self assembled decyl phosphonic acid (DPA) compared with conditioning of the surface by atmospheric exposure.