Reflectionless tunneling in ballistic normal-metal–superconductor junctions

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Abstract
We investigate the phenomenon of reflectionless tunneling in ballistic normal-metal–superconductor (NS) structures using a semiclassical formalism. It is shown that applied magnetic field and superconducting phase difference both impair the constructive interference leading to this effect, but in a qualitatively different way. This is manifested both in the conductance and in the shot noise properties of the system considered. Unlike diffusive systems, the features of the conductance are sharp and enable fine spatial control of the current, as well as single-channel manipulations. We discuss the possibility of conducting experiments in ballistic semiconductor-superconductor structures with smooth interfaces and some of the phenomena, specific to such structures, that could be measured. A general criterion for the barrier at NS interfaces, though large, to be effectively transparent to pair current is obtained.