A simple and efficient method for the separation and detection of small DNA fragments by electrophoresis in formamide containing agarose gels and Southern blotting to DBM-paper

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Abstract
We show in this report that DNA fragments smaller than 300 bp are separated with high resolution by electrophoresis in concentrated (up to 7%) agarose gels containing 50 % formamide. The separated DNA fragments can subsequently be quantitatively transferred to DBM-paper [Alwine, J.C. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1977) 74, 5350-54] using the Southern technique [Southern, E.M., J. Mol. Biol. (1975) 98, 503-517], while preserving the sharpness of the original gel pattern. Since thin (0.2–0.4 mm) and thick (up to 5 mm) agarose slab gels can be easily handled in vertical or horizontal apparatus, this method should prove to be a very useful extention of the Southern technique, applicable to a variety of analytical and preparative purposes.