Retinal Vascular Diseases

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Abstract
RETINAL vascular diseases are important to the internist, for they frequently represent manifestations of systemic disorders, and to the ophthalmologist because they are major causes of visual impairment. For example, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new blindness in the United States in patients under 60 years of age, and retinopathy developing in sickle-cell anemia is an important cause of visual impairment in black Americans.Observations on the retinal vessels frequently provide the internist with important clues to the status of the vasculature in other organs that cannot be readily studied. The eye is unique, owing to the transparency . . .

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