Sythesis of 1,3-dioxin-4-ones and their use in synthesis. XVIII. Synthesis of azetidin-2-ones from 1,3-dioxin-4-ones via 3-hydroxycarboxamides.

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Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of azetidin-2-ones from 1, 3-dioxin-4-ones is described. The method consists of 1) the formatin of β-ketocarboxamides, 2) their reduction to 3-hydroxycarboxamides, 3) mesylationg, and 4) base-mediated cyclization of 3-mesyloxycarboxamides to the final azetidinones. Stereochemical demand in the cyclizatino step has been clarified by using 5, 6-tri- and -tetramethylene derivatives of 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxin-4-one. Microbiological reduction of the acetoacetamides by baker's yeast gave (S)-3-hydroxybutanamides of ≥98% optical purity, whose cyclization afforded (R)-4-methylazetidin-2-ones.

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