Orientational order in bipolar nematic microdroplets close to the phase transition

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Abstract
The ordering in bipolar liquid-crystal droplets close to the nematic-paranematic phase translation is studied. Here, ‘‘paranematic’’ refers to the phase above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. The structure of spherical droplets is obtained after the minimization of the Landau–de Gennes-type free energy assuming a constant value of the surface order parameter and strong anchoring of the molecules parallel to the surface. Disordered defect regions caused by elastic deformations are found close to the poles. The defect regions grow into the droplet as the coexistence temperature between the paranematic and nematic phases is approached from below. The temperature-radius phase diagram shows the first-order coexistence curve terminating in the critical point and a pronounced decrease of the coexistence temperature on approaching the critical radius.