Bioassy, Histology, and Morphology of the Pheromone-producing Glands of Rhyacionia frustrana R. rigidana, and R. subtropica1

Abstract
The pheromone-producing glands in Rhyacionia jrustrana, R. riyidana, and R. subtropica are located beneath the 8th abdominal tergite and have external openings in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth abdominal tergites. The gland is sac-like and is lined with simple columnar cells. Hydrostatic pressure pressure and retractor muscles appear to perform the antagonistic functions of abdominal extension and retraction to expose the gland aperture. Numerous setae on tergite IX apparently facilitate dispersion of the pheromone. The glands of all three Rhyacionia species are similar.

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