Motion tomography of a single trapped ion

A method for the experimental reconstruction of the quantum state of motion for a single trapped ion is proposed. It is based on the measurement of the ground-state population of the trap after a sudden change of the trapping potential. In particular, we show how the $Q\left(\alpha \right)$ function and the quadrature distribution $P(x, \theta )$ can be measured directly. In an example we demonstrate the principle and analyze the sensitivity of the reconstruction process to experimental uncertainties as well as to finite grid limitations. Our method is not restricted to the Lamb-Dicke Limit and works in one or more dimensions.