Sensory exploitation as an evolutionary origin to nuptial food gifts in insects

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Abstract
Nuptial food gifts given by males to females at mating are widespread in insects, but their evolutionary origin remains obscure. Such gifts may arise as a form of sensory trap that exploits the normal gustatory responses of females, favouring the selective retention of sperm of gift–giving males. I tested this hypothesis by offering foreign food gifts, synthesized by males of one cricket species, to females of three nongift–giving species. Females provisioned with novel food gifts were ‘fooled’ into accepting more sperm than they otherwise would in the absence of a gift. These results support the hypothesis that nuptial food gifts and post–copulatory female mating preferences coevolve through a unique form of sensory exploitation.