Distinguishing imagery from propositional recoding processes in sentence-picture verification tasks.

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Abstract
Two experiments were performed to investigate the representation modes employed in simple sentence-picture verification tasks (e.g., the square is above the circle; compared to .**GRAPHIC**. In experiment 1, sentences were presented aurally, and were followed by a 5 s delay prior to picture presentation. Control subjects were instructed to form a mental image from the sentence or to recode negative sentences and form a sentence description of the picture, or they were given picture-picture verification taks. In experiment 2, sentences were presented either aurally or in written form, and subjects determined the picture''s onset. Comparisons with control conditions on overall verification response times, true-false verification response time differences, and times required to process sentences, allowed image vs. propositional plus recoding interpretations of sentence-first tasks to be distinguished. Presenting the sentence aurally, rather than in written form, prompted a greater use of image representations for the sentence and the picture, although subjects nevertheless seemed to retain the option of processing in the non-preferred representational mode.

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